PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF MODERN ANTIDEPRESSANTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/3083-7324/2026.3.3Keywords:
antidepressants, pharmacological profile, vortioxetine, esketamine, neuroplasticity, glutamatergic system, multimodal drugs, psychopharmacotherapyAbstract
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacological profile of modern antidepressants introduced into clinical practice over the past decades. The relevance of the study is due to the high level of resistance of patients to traditional monoaminergic therapy and the need to optimize the choice of drugs. The work uses the methods of systematic literature review, comparative pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of modern drugs: multimodal antidepressants (vortioxetine), selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), as well as innovative drugs with a glutamatergic mechanism of action (esketamine) and neurosteroids (zuranolone). It was determined that the key difference of modern antidepressants is their complex (multi- target) effect on receptor systems (in particular, 5-HT3, 5-HT7, 5-HT1A) and the ability to stimulate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF protein), which ensures the rapid launch of neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis processes. It has been proven that new generations of drugs have a significantly higher safety profile, a lower incidence of sexual dysfunctions, metabolic disorders and withdrawal syndrome compared to classic SSRIs. The practical value of the results lies in the systematization of pharmacological criteria for the transition from empirical prescription of antidepressants to personalized psychopharmacotherapy taking into account the individual phenotype and comorbid conditions of the patient.
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